For people living here, it is clear there was an understanding between Hazaras and the Taliban for the past 17 years, he told Radio Free Afghanistan. Even though Amir and Hassan have grown up together in the novel, there is a noticeable difference between them. The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have already stopped payments to Kabul, while the US has frozen the countrys assets held on US territory. There is a serious conflict between these two groups which started shortly after the founding of Afghanistan in 1747. Even open-minded non-Hazaras with a high degree of education have admitted to me that they feel a certain discomfort when they encounter Hazaras in certain positions of authority in Afghanistan, says Melissa Chiovenda, an anthropology doctoral candidate at the University of Connecticut. Their forceful and brutal integration into the nascent Afghan state by Abd al-Ramn Khns predominantly Pashtun armies sowed the seeds of lasting enmity between the Shii Hazara and the Sunni Pashtuns on both religious and ethnic grounds. The discrimination of Hassan causes violence as he gets raped solely because he was a Hazara. Stereotypes are used all throughout the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. As one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, the Hazara people have enduredvarious forms of oppressionfrom Pashtun rulers and governments, including slavery, systematic expulsion from ancestral homes and lands, and massacres. ; Historian Abdul Hai Habibi considers the word "Hazara" (hzr ) to be very old, and it is derived . 5, no. Hosseini expresses Amirs uncertain feelings toward Hassan which form the decisions he makes throughout the book. It is a very interesting approach to depicting the culture in Afghanistan. While five were set free, the fate of the other 20 remains unknown, according to the UN. The theme of discrimination against a specific group of people in The Kite Runner was expressed through the use of similes. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Archetypes In The Kite Runner. The Hazaras are also seen as the weakest and poorest race in Afghanistan, so that they are easily subjected to be killed, insulted, and tortured by Pashtuns. The Hazaras have been persecuted by Pashtun leaders, civil warlords, the Taliban, ISIS and others due to their Shi'a Muslim beliefs. in Afghanistan are parts of Turkic world. Similar to the difference between Americans and Afghans:) Dari, Hazara and Pashtun speaking Afghans are closer to the Westerners than Turks in terms of linguistic kinhip/relativity, they speak variants of Indo-Europeas language family. Women wear baggy black or coloured trousers, a long shirt and a length to cotton to cover the head. Intense shelling, arbitrary killings of civilians and targeting of Hazara men resulted inhundreds killedand forcibly disappeared. The views expressed in this article are the authors own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeeras editorial stance. Therefore, if there was no conflict between the Hazara and Pashtun people, Hassan could have still been living today, alongside his brother Amir! Amir is exposed to unkindness toward Hazaras throughout his childhood. Many people grouped us into the same category because we are both Muslim, sometimes even mixing up our names. They were deemed a UNESCO World Heritage site and became an important source of tourism revenue for the region. Afghanistan is the land of the Pashtunsnot the flat-nosed Hazaras, these people pollute our homeland. by | Jun 10, 2022 | car diagnostic tool finance | celebrities born on solar eclipse | Jun 10, 2022 | car diagnostic tool finance | celebrities born on solar eclipse There is no single theory about the acceptance of the Shia Islam by the Hazaras. In October, the bombing of a Hazara mosque in Kunduz resulted in the death of more than100 people. Hazaras have been systematically discriminated against by Pashtuns and others during the Afghan pre-war periods, says Thomas Ruttig, co-director of the Afghanistan Analysts Network. What's the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? It is also not surprising that, despite the insistence by the Taliban that it can provide security and peace in Afghanistan, ISKP has continued its deadly attacks against the Hazaras. feeding westchester mobile food truck schedule. The victims also included women," the report said. The majority are Shia, most are Twe View the full answer Previous question Next question similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. Hes my servant! Pashtuns (also spelled as Pushtun, Pakhtun, Pashtoon, Pathan) form Afghanistans largest ethnic group. June 3, 2022 . While walking on the street, Amir sees Ali being verbally harassed by Pashtun boys. They mostly speak the Pashto language (a language from Indo-Iranian language family). Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Therefore, it can be concluded that racial discrimination is harmful to the people and society because it teaches people to make judgments about others in terms of group-based expectations or standards. What is the relationship between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? In the aftermath of the withdrawal of international troops from Afghanistan, violence against the Hazara population has escalated. The exact number of Hazara is unknownestimates vary wildlybut the total reckons confidently in the millions. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. In the capital, Kabul, Hazaras have suffered repeated violence. Had I really though that? Everywhere I turned I saw signs of his loyalty, his goddamn unwavering loyalty. the absence of conjunction emphasises his thorough regrets that act as a barrier preventing him from, In Afghanistan, there is a divide between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras; the Pashtuns are upper class citizens who are treated with respect while the Hazaras are lower class, minority citizens who are treated poorly. Big diffrence, in language, attitude, belifs, ways of doing things, culture and even looks. Over the many years as a result of political unrest in Afghanistan some Hazaras have migrated to Iran. The international community has alegal, moral and political obligationto protect the Hazara people. By now there is a clear pattern of Talibanatrocitiesbeing committed across Afghanistan, which could mean that the Hazaras may befacingimminentethnic cleansing. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. The most recent figures on the ethnic affiliations come from a survey conducted by the Asia Foundation in 2014. Their ethnic differences tore them apart causing a great deal of discrimination and cruelty. Whats the difference between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras? The religious and cultural definition requires Pashtuns to be Muslim and follow the Pashtunwali codes. Are Pathans tall? What greatness does this play in the book? Unfortunately, the website appears to be down and it is unclear if this is temporary or permanent. 2020 marks both the International Year of the Nurse and Florence Nightingale's 200th birthday, making it the perfect time to recognize and celebrate the brave and selfless nurses all over the world. He says this agreement collapsed after fighting broke out between Hazara commander Abdul Hakim Shujae and the Taliban in Uruzgan Province in October. Abubakar Siddique wrote this based on reporting by Radio Free Afghanistan correspondent Asmatullah Sarwan. To begin with, Afghan may refer to various ethnicity of people like Pashtuns, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrghyz, etc. In The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini the protagonist Amir is a higher level Afghan citizen who is best friends with Hassan, a lower level Hazara. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini uses these intense conflicts to develop characters relationships and forces the reader to consider how the main characters loss of innocence stems from a need of approval and ethnic and religious discrimination. The main differences between the Pashtun's and the Hazara's is the Pashtun's are Sunni Muslim while Hazzara's are Shiite Muslims. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras steve dulcich vineyard June 23, 2022. how much is the wimbledon trophy worth . Sitarah Mohammadi is a former Hazara refugee from Afghanistan, who spent 2019 as a Provost Scholar at the University of Oxford, undertaking studies in International Relations, and completed a dissertation on Australias refugee policy. Pashtuns do not have a distinct look like the Hazara, because they have Middle Eastern features. Hosseini uses symbols, antithesis, and visual imagery to convey the unequal treatment of people in Afghanistan based on what ethnic group they belong to . Where does the majority of the Hazara population live? Living primarily in the rugged highlands in the country's centre, the Hazaras are one of Afghanistan's largest ethnic minorities, accounting for up to 20 percent of Afghanistan . In August of the same year, Taliban fighters captured Mazar-e Sharif, a city in northern Afghanistan, going on a rampage targeting Tajiks, Uzbeks and particularly,Hazaras. Therefore, discrimination and slander towards Hazaras in the novel gives a strong sense of unequalness among the two ethnicities, Pashtuns and Hazaras, and is not considered virtuous among societies today. Particularly in 1888 - 1893, Pashtuns carried out ethnic cleansing of the Hazaras, killed more than half of their population, and enslaved thousands of them. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. Nazar Muhammad Mutmaeen, a Kabul-based former Taliban official, says both the Taliban and Hazara community -- which is spread over several provinces in central Afghanistan -- largely respected an understanding that required them to keep out of each others affairs. It must honour thecommitmentofnever again in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Shiite Muslims correspond with the Hazara ethnic group, but the Sunni Muslims correspond with the Pashtun ethnic group. Throughout the book Amit gradually begins to treat Hassan more like a Hazara is treated by the majority of the population. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. They both come from different sections of the society, therefore they vary in various aspects which are discussed in this article. This is an important theme throughout the novel as it will drastically affect the relation between Amir and Hassan because one is a Pashtun and one is . The exact number of Hazara is unknownestimates vary wildlybut the total reckons confidently in the millions. Last November, a group swearing allegiance to ISIL abducted and killed seven civilians, including women and children, in the southern province of Zabul. Though, one can easily identify their ethnic group by their looks and appearance they possess. "They particularly targeted the Hazaras and repeatedly kidnapped them. The Taliban find out and dont believe they are living there because they are Hazara. Whether they had a positive or negative effect, both changed his values and beliefs. The aims of this study are to find out the causes of racial discrimination, to analyze examples of racial discrimination, and to analyze the impacts of racial discrimination as depicted in The Kite Runner. Other reason why the Hazaras have been discriminated by Pashtun is their appearance that look like Chinese people. Mutmaeen says the episode generated some goodwill between the Taliban and the Hazaras. Women wear bright colours and of lighter weights. Hundreds have died in the attacks, which have targeted Hazara protests, Shiite mosques, and shrines. Afghanistan is a multiethnic society consisting of a wide variety of ethno linguistic groups. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. Hassan, who Amir is acquainted with since birth, is a fiercely loyal Hazara. In reality Amir is Hassans owner. Parts of central Afghanistan, like Bamiyan, the unofficial Hazara capital, are among the countrys poorest, often lacking basic facilities and electricity. Storytelling is a traditional Hazara habit. This man, he said, was the main contact between Hazaras and the insurgents in Jaghori. Most of them are Shii Muslims of the Twelver faith, although some are Ismal or Sunni. Footnote 14 Their way of interacting has some similarities with friendship, even if the terms dust, yar or rafiq . Even in America, Amir tries to bury his past, but he is always reminded of it. Baba adopted Hassan when he was a baby and he became their servant. In Mazar-e-Sharif, a local Taliban court decided to expel some 2,000 families, again based on false claims that they do not own their homes. Unfortunately, these problems are still active in most of Afghanistan. With a long history of persecution, the Hazaras fear the worst under Taliban rule. The international community must pressure the Taliban to guarantee the protection of the rights of the Hazara people, to ensure a genocide against them does not take place. And its fighters made good on such threats. If there was a Hazara residing in Kabul, the rumour was that he was either a beggar, servant or even both. Hazaras are also considered to be Turko-Mongol as they look like Mongolians and East Asians whereas they share a cultural background with the Turkic people of Central Asia. "The repeated kidnapping of Hazara women prompted them [the Hazaras] to kidnap 14 Pashtun women and children from Gazey village in the Khak-e Afghan district [of Zabul Province]," the report said. The Hazaras are said to be descendants of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol empire, and the Mongol soldiers who swept through the region in the 13th century. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Due to Hassan being a Hazara, Baba avoids social embarrassment by not exposing the truth of Hassan being his son. The Pashtuns have been dominant in Afghanistan and believe that they should be the only ones to reside in Afghanistan, which creates an influx of hatred between the two religions. The Hazaras form a minority group of Afghanistan, and thus are persecuted by the majority groups. The Hazaras say they are considered outsiders in their own country and have been persecuted throughout history. This connection manifests in the relationship between Amir and Hassan, though Amir is true to Hassan in private, he feels the need to relate to Hassan according to the prevailing social hierarchy in public. The conflict between the Hazara and the Pashtun people is the whole reason this book is even a book! Thats one thing Shia people do well, he said, picking up the papers, passing themselves as martyrs. He wrinkled his nose when he said the word Shia, like it was some kind of disease (Hosseini 9-10). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Turks and Pashtun Afghans do not belong to same ethnic group. Hazara people look distinctly different than the rest of the people in Afghanistan, as they have many Asian features. He was sheltering Uzbek militants loyal to the Islamic State (IS). June 22, 2022 . Sajjad Askary is a Hazara refugee from Afghanistan, has a BA graduate in International Relations, and is a current student of Juris Doctor (Law) at Monash University Law School in Australia. The Taliban, just because they believe they are a higher class then Hazara, kill Hassan like it was routine. The Uzbek dancers In March, Hazaras held a protest in Kabul against the governments decision to move a proposed power line project out of Bamiyan, arguing that the decision was yet another form of ethnic discrimination. The Pashtuns and Hazaras are two particular ethnic groups that have clashed throughout history. Amir has to face that fact he is disloyal to his relationship with Hassan and begins personal growth. These experiences have led some to consider Hazaras to be one of themost persecuted people in the world. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Hazaras are considered as Persian speaking people and they mainly inhabit central Afghanistan. Hazaras make up 20% of the Afghanistan population. On the other hand, the Hazara are a minority group, comprising . Millions of people around the world are discriminated against, but Hazaras and Shias especially know the struggle of this, constantly being put at the bottom of the social class and knowing unfair treatment all too well. Over the years, people, not only in Afghanistan, but around the world create norms that define peoples roles in life, their future, and how they should be treated based on their gender and beliefs. (LogOut/ Over the following decades, Hazarascontinuedto face repression, discrimination and socio-economic marginalisation. Manywere forcedtoconceal their identities to obtain state identification. Although Afghanistan is no longer under Taliban rule, growing insecurity has unsettled many. After the Pashtun-centric, ultra-conservative Sunni Taliban group took over Kabul in 1996, atrocities against the Hazaras did not stop. The tragedy brought thousands on to the streets of Kabul to protest against the increasing violence towards Hazaras. If we look at Pashtun Afghans, they are more related to Persian people than Turks. With a longhistory of persecution, including by the Taliban, the Hazaras areright to fear a genocide. Hazara youth were quick to embrace all forms of education and emerged at the forefront of social change initiatives, while Hazara women pushed for womens emancipation. Yet in the following years, the political space they were given in the country did not reflect the proportion of the population they constituted. He is the author of The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key To The Future Of Pakistan And Afghanistan. The emphasis placed upon the discrimination of Hazaras by the Pashtuns not only informs the readers of the socio-economic relations in Afghanistan but also addresses a parallelism of harm towards Afghanis from Americans. The Hazara people felt like their rights were being violated, so they fought back, unfortunately; more than 60% of the Hazara people were sold and killed while fighting for their rights. Khaled Hosseini's novel entitled The Kite Runner is an American bestseller novel that represents racial conflict between the Pashtuns and Hazaras, two different races and ethnics in Afghanistan. This fact is critical to understanding Hazaragi's history and more importantly its future. They tell stories of their history, their ancestors, and their heroes. This shows the hatred and disgust that the Sunni Muslims have for the Shia, and that the Sunni see the Shia as intruders that don't belong in Afghanistan. Copyright 2023, Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons. Social status allows the powerful to gain more power, while pushing the struggling deeper into a hole. Amir however, tries to learn more about the Hazaras by bringing his mothers book to school. Handayani, Fadlilah S. "Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner." The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. Despite their growing political clout, many Hazaras continue to feel discriminated against. They are therefore regrded as a separate ethnic group in Afghanistan. 6 What kind of religion are the Hazaras of Afghanistan? The first truly inhumane action Amir decides to make occurs in the alley where Hassan is raped. Hazaras afterwards Pushtons are two another national groups of Afghanistan. The disparity between social classes is evident in The Kite Runner between Amir and Hassan. Unfortunately, the Taliban continued to harass and murder the Hazara people while they were in power. The vast treeless mountains that dominate the landscape are used chiefly for pasturing sheep. Pashtun and hazara similarities between christianity. The Hazaras are discriminated against and looked down upon. The Taliban killed and targeted many of the Hazara people during their reign in Afghanistan. Poverty in the region and ongoing conflict since the Afghan War (197892) have dispersed many of the Hazara throughout Afghanistan. In the past, Shujaee, a former commander in the U.S.-funded Afghan Local Police, was accused of grave rights violations and faced arrest orders from the central government for the atrocities he committed. The social hierarchy that declares the Hazara people below Amir, shows how the long history of discrimination is hard to overcome. While in power, Khan used the government to force all the people into the Kazarasjat Mountains. Upon reading this quote, readers understand that the Pashtuns are the superior authority, treating the Hazaras like a plain servant in which they do all the chores and cleaning in the household. This project aims to create a new white tomato variety that hono, This website uses cookies for functionality, analytics and advertising purposes as described in our. The difference in ethnic roots and religious beliefs between Pashtuns and Hazaras has led to a centuries-long feud between the two groups. id="publication-detail-page" The risk of ethnic cleansing and evengenocidethat they face should be a matter of international concern and international human rights bodies need to take action. Aj, Prevent & Address Internal White Tissue in Tomatoes | How to Maximize Potassium Uptake and Reduce Fungal Diseases, Tomatoes are a popular and nutritious vegetable that can be grown in gardens around the world. Pashtunwali is regarded to exist for almost 2000 years but it has undergone some changes. In 1998, as the armed group was attempting to establish full control over Afghanistan, it laid a siege on Hazarajat, blocking supply routes andstarvingthe civilian population. The history of the Hazaras is not taught in school solely because of their beliefs. Khaled Hosseinis first novel, The Kite Runner, comments on the social conditions of Afghanistan through telling a story about the lives of two Muslim boys; a privileged Sunni Pashtun, Amir, and his long-time friend and servant, Hassan, a loyal but disadvantaged Shia Hazara.
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